OOP

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of objects and their interactions to design and write software. C++ is a popular programming language that supports OOP concepts such as abstraction, polymorphism, inheritance, and encapsulation.

Let's start with the basics:

1. Abstraction:

Abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details of a class while showing only the necessary information to the user. In C++, abstraction is achieved using classes and interfaces. A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data members and member functions. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that define the behavior of an object.

Here's an example of an abstract class in C++:

class Shape {
public:
   virtual void draw() = 0; // pure virtual function
};

In this example, Shape is an abstract class that has a pure virtual function called draw. A pure virtual function is a virtual function that has no implementation in the base class and must be implemented in the derived class. This makes Shape an abstract class because it cannot be instantiated.

2. Polymorphism:

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. In C++, polymorphism is achieved using virtual functions and function overloading.